Ku gihe cy’Ababiligi ubwami bwataye agaciro

Ku gihe cy’Ababiligi ubwami bwataye agaciro. Mbere iteka ry’umwami ntiryasubirwagaho, ntawaricagaho: yari Nyamugirubutangwa. Mu wa 1917, umwami yategetswe gusinya ko buri munyarwanda azajya mu idini yishakiye. Ababigizemo inyungu ni abagatolika.
Muli uwo mwaka nyine nibwo Ababiligi bambuye umwami w’u Rwanda uburenganzira
bwo guhanisha kwica cyangwa kwica atari ukubera igihano. Kuva ubwo ntawari ugitinya ko umwami yamwica.

Mu wa 1923, umwami yatakaje uburenganzira bwo kugaba no kunyaga abatware atabyemerewe n’Ababiligi (na Rezida). Abakoloni basimbuye umwami mu bubasha no mu cyubahiro. Kubera ibyo, Abatware bamwe na bamwe n’urubyiruko rw’ibwami batangiye gusuzugura umwami no kuyoboka Abazungu, ari abakoloni ari n’Abapadiri.

Mu mwaka wa 1925, kugirango ubwami burusheho guta agaciro, Rezida w’u Rwanda yavanyeho ubwiru (twavuze), yaciye umuhango w’umuganura: umwami yayoboraga uwo muhango bikagaragaza ko ariwe nyiruburumbuke ari nawe utanga kororoka; muri uwo mwaka, umutware w’abiru Gashamura Ababiligi bamucira ishyanga (i Gitega mu Burundi). Guhera icyo gihe, ubwami bwa Musinga na Nyina bwari busigaye kw’izina gusa.
Kumunyaga ku wa 12 Ugushyingo 1931 kwari nko gusonga iyagaramye

Ikindi cyagaragaye ni uko Musinga atari akiri umuhuza w’Abanyarwanda n’ubwo hari abari bakimukomeyeho kandi na nyuma bakabyerekana. Yemwe naho amariye kujyanwa i Kamembe, hari abakomeje kumuyoboka.

Kuva mu wa 1931 kugeza mu wa 1940, Mutara Rudahigwa yihatiye kubahiriza amategeko y’Ababiligi no gutegeka abatware kuyakurikiza byanze bikunze. Mu byerekeye idini hari icyo bise “irivuze umwami”: ni ukuvuga itegeko rya Rudahigwa ry’uko Abanyarwanda bose bagomba kuyoboka idini gatolika.

Mu rwego rw’ibitekerezo-remezo (ideologie), Abakoloni n’Abapadiri bamwe na bamwe barwanyije ko Rudahigwa Abanyarwanda bamubonamo umwami nyakuri (roi/king), ahubwo bagombaga kumubonamo umutware usanzwe (“sultan”). Umwami nyakuri, Abanyarwanda bagombaga kumenya ko aliwe wihariye iryo zina, yari uw’Ababiligi.

Rudahigwa agishyirwaho mu wa 1931 si ko Abanyarwanda bose babyishimiye: hari abavuze ko ari “umwami wo mw’isoko” (aho Abazungu bamushyiriyeho); “umwami wimiye ku mugina” “podium yari ahagazeho avuga ijambo); “umuvuzampiri” (ukubitana) … Guhera mu wa 1940 kugeza mu wa 1948, Rudahigwa yagiye yigarurira isura ry’ubwami yihesha ni icyubahiro muri benshi.

Byaramworoheye kuko yanabishigikiwemo n’Abapadiri: Batisimu muri 1943; mu 1946 yegurira u Rwanda Kristu Umwami; Papa Pie XII amuha impeta yo kumuhemba ko ashyigikiye ubukristu, ayambikirwa i Kabgayi ku wa 20 mata 1947, ayambitswe n’intumwa ya Papa muri Kongo mbiligi na Ruanda – Urundi. Muri rusange Ababiligi bamukundiraga ko akora kandi agakoresha akazi bashaka. Ariko hari n’abari bamubangamiye (mu ba “evolues” / elites” = abasirimu) ngo babe banamusimbura ku butegetsi babifashijwemo na bamwe mu Bazungu (nka Frere Secundien).

Ariko guhera mu 1948 kugeza mu 1959 (aribwo yapfuye), n’ubwo Ababiligi ari bo bakomeje kugira ubutegetsi bwuzuye (Souverainete/sovereignty), Rudahigwa ubwe yagiye yiyumvisha uruhare afite ku Banyarwanda nk’umwami, yanabigaraje yihatira guhindura imibereho y’Abanyarwanda mu mibereho ya buri munsi (guca ubuhake gukuraho akazi…). Bityo Abanyarwanda ntibabaye impehe (ingabo zitagira umutware).
Yagiye arushaho gutinyuka ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni bigeza aho ashaka kubwipakurura bikomera mu wa 1958 avuye muri exposition universelle de Bruxelles.
Muri make, mu ntagiriro y’ubukoloni, ubwami bwagiye buta agaciro, cyane cyane ku ngoma y’Ababiligi, kugeza mu wa 1940. Nyuma y’aho ubwami bwatangiye gukomera no kubahwa kubera Rudahigwa: yagaragaje ubushake bwe mu gukemura ibibazo by’ingutu by’Abanyarwanda. Nabo bakumva ko bafite ubavuganira.

Uwitonze Captone

Twifashishije igitabo “UBUMWE BW’ABANYARWANDA”
MBERE Y’ABAZUNGU N’IGIHE CY’UBUKOLONI

KIGALI, KANAMA 1999

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